Strong Einstein-Hilbert Gravity Inflation and ACT Phenomenology

Author(s)

Oikonomou, V.K., Manouri, Eleni I., Konstantellos, Georgios

Abstract

In this work we study rescaled effective single scalar field theories, and we confront these with the ACT constraint on the spectral index of the scalar primordial perturbations and the updated BICEP/Planck constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio. Rescaled scalar theories of gravity may be the result of an effective $f(R,ϕ)$ gravity at strong curvature regimes, which may result on a rescaling of the Einstein-Hilbert term of the form $\sim αR$. It turns out that canonical scalar field theories with stronger gravity compared to standard Einstein-Hilbert gravity can be compatible with the ACT and updated Planck/BICEP constraints, with stronger gravity meaning that the rescaling parameter $α$ takes values smaller than unity.

Figures

Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-6}, 10^{0.3}]$ and $N = 60$ for the D-Brane Model ($p=2$).
Caption Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-6}, 10^{0.3}]$ and $N = 60$ for the D-Brane Model ($p=2$).
Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-6}, 10^{0.3}]$ and $N = 60$ for the D-Brane Model ($p=2$).
Caption Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-6}, 10^{0.3}]$ and $N = 60$ for the D-Brane Model ($p=2$).
Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-6}, 10^{0.3}]$ and $N = 52$ for the D-Brane Model ($p=2$). Here we are at the borderline of the constraint for $n_s$.
Caption Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-6}, 10^{0.3}]$ and $N = 52$ for the D-Brane Model ($p=2$). Here we are at the borderline of the constraint for $n_s$.
Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-6}, 10^{0.3}]$ and $N = 52$ for the D-Brane Model ($p=2$). Here we are at the borderline of the constraint for $n_s$.
Caption Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-6}, 10^{0.3}]$ and $N = 52$ for the D-Brane Model ($p=2$). Here we are at the borderline of the constraint for $n_s$.
Marginalized curves of the Planck 2018 data and the rescaled D-Brane gravity model $p=2$, confronted with the ACT data, the Planck 2018 data, and the updated Planck/BICEP constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio. We choose $\alpha=0.8$ and $m=0.1$ and $N$ in the range $N=[50,60]$.
Caption Marginalized curves of the Planck 2018 data and the rescaled D-Brane gravity model $p=2$, confronted with the ACT data, the Planck 2018 data, and the updated Planck/BICEP constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio. We choose $\alpha=0.8$ and $m=0.1$ and $N$ in the range $N=[50,60]$.
Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-6}, 10^{0.3}]$ and $N = 60$ for the D-Brane Model (p=4).
Caption Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-6}, 10^{0.3}]$ and $N = 60$ for the D-Brane Model (p=4).
Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-6}, 10^{0.3}]$ and $N = 60$ for the D-Brane Model (p=4).
Caption Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-6}, 10^{0.3}]$ and $N = 60$ for the D-Brane Model (p=4).
Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-6}, 10^{0.3}]$ and $N = 58$ for the D-Brane Model (p=4). Here we are at the borderline of the constraint for $n_s$.
Caption Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-6}, 10^{0.3}]$ and $N = 58$ for the D-Brane Model (p=4). Here we are at the borderline of the constraint for $n_s$.
Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-6}, 10^{0.3}]$ and $N = 58$ for the D-Brane Model (p=4). Here we are at the borderline of the constraint for $n_s$.
Caption Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-6}, 10^{0.3}]$ and $N = 58$ for the D-Brane Model (p=4). Here we are at the borderline of the constraint for $n_s$.
Marginalized curves of the Planck 2018 data and the rescaled D-Brane gravity model ($p=4$), confronted with the ACT data, the Planck 2018 data, and the updated Planck/BICEP constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio. We choose $\alpha=0.5$ and $m=0.9$ and $N$ in the range $N=[50,60]$.
Caption Marginalized curves of the Planck 2018 data and the rescaled D-Brane gravity model ($p=4$), confronted with the ACT data, the Planck 2018 data, and the updated Planck/BICEP constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio. We choose $\alpha=0.5$ and $m=0.9$ and $N$ in the range $N=[50,60]$.
Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $\xi = [10^{2}, 10^{4}]$ and $N = 60$ for the Einstein Frame Plateau potential.
Caption Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $\xi = [10^{2}, 10^{4}]$ and $N = 60$ for the Einstein Frame Plateau potential.
Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $\xi = [10^{2}, 10^{4}]$ and $N = 60$ for the Einstein Frame Plateau potential.
Caption Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $\xi = [10^{2}, 10^{4}]$ and $N = 60$ for the Einstein Frame Plateau potential.
Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $\xi = [10^ {2}, 10^{4}]$ and $N = 52$ for the Einstein Frame Plateau potential. Here we are at the borderline for the constraint of $n_s$.
Caption Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $\xi = [10^ {2}, 10^{4}]$ and $N = 52$ for the Einstein Frame Plateau potential. Here we are at the borderline for the constraint of $n_s$.
Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $\xi = [10^ {2}, 10^{4}]$ and $N = 52$ for the Einstein Frame Plateau potential. Here we are at the borderline for the constraint of $n_s$.
Caption Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $\xi = [10^ {2}, 10^{4}]$ and $N = 52$ for the Einstein Frame Plateau potential. Here we are at the borderline for the constraint of $n_s$.
Marginalized curves of the Planck 2018 data and the rescaled Einstein frame plateau gravity model, confronted with the ACT data, the Planck 2018 data, and the updated Planck/BICEP constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio. We choose $\alpha=0.7$ and $m=150$ and $N$ in the range $N=[50,60]$.
Caption Marginalized curves of the Planck 2018 data and the rescaled Einstein frame plateau gravity model, confronted with the ACT data, the Planck 2018 data, and the updated Planck/BICEP constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio. We choose $\alpha=0.7$ and $m=150$ and $N$ in the range $N=[50,60]$.
Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-2}, 10]$ and $N = 60$ for the exponential T-Model ($n=2$).
Caption Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-2}, 10]$ and $N = 60$ for the exponential T-Model ($n=2$).
Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-2}, 10]$ and $N = 60$ for the exponential T-Model ($n=2$).
Caption Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-2}, 10]$ and $N = 60$ for the exponential T-Model ($n=2$).
Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-2}, 10]$ and $N = 57$ for the exponential T-Model ($n=2$).Here we are at the borderline for the constraint of $n_s$.
Caption Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-2}, 10]$ and $N = 57$ for the exponential T-Model ($n=2$).Here we are at the borderline for the constraint of $n_s$.
Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-2}, 10]$ and $N = 57$ for the exponential T-Model ($n=2$).Here we are at the borderline for the constraint of $n_s$.
Caption Contour plot for the spectral index of primordial scalar curvature perturbations $n_s$ (left plot) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ (right plot) for $\alpha = [0, 1]$, $m = [10^{-2}, 10]$ and $N = 57$ for the exponential T-Model ($n=2$).Here we are at the borderline for the constraint of $n_s$.
Marginalized curves of the Planck 2018 data and the rescaled exponential T-Model ($n=2$) gravity model, confronted with the ACT data, the Planck 2018 data, and the updated Planck/BICEP constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio. We choose $\alpha=0.1$ and $m=1$ and $N$ in the range $N=[50,60]$.
Caption Marginalized curves of the Planck 2018 data and the rescaled exponential T-Model ($n=2$) gravity model, confronted with the ACT data, the Planck 2018 data, and the updated Planck/BICEP constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio. We choose $\alpha=0.1$ and $m=1$ and $N$ in the range $N=[50,60]$.
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